Du ring the Industrial Revolution, cities across the North experienced a massive population growth. Thousands of men and women came seeking work, new opportunities, and in some cases freedom. For free African-Americans and former slaves Northern cities were seen as an opportunity to start a new life and create a better future.
From 1800-1850, the black population in Northern cities increased sixfold, double the urban white population tripled. Cities like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia become home to thriving black communities. Some came from the plantations of the South, escaping from slavery. Others were recently freed slaves from the North who moved to the city seeking employment and a new life.
Black residents of cities quickly found themselves faced with racism and discrimination. Some churches would not allow black Christians to worship or join their congregation, even barring African Americans from being buried in their cemeteries. Many employers refused to hire black employees.
Faced with these obstacles and challenges African-Americans in the North turned to their community for help. Black men and women formed mutual aide societies and fraternal organizations to help provide jobs, housing, and education. Black congregations were formed to provide for the spiritual needs of the community, while private schools provided black children and education when the state did not.
Tonight for Homework:
Finish Reading and Marking up Sources B and C.
Answer the Questions that go with the source.
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