Links for Essay Option 3

If you are thinking about choosing the third essay option, here are some links that you are going to need to use.

Continuing the Primary Source Research

Today in class we reviewed the questions that were for sources A,B,C, and D. These sources dealt primarily with the population and health statistics of the city of Lowell during the Industrial Revolution.

Tonight for Homework, you are to answer questions for sources E, F, H, and I. Sources E and F are good examples of the types of rules and regulations that mill employees were expected to follow. Sources H and I are taken from the Lowell Registry, which was the city's main source of information and advertisement, kind of like today's phone books.

Homeroom's Quiz: You guys are going to be my test group on this.

Name _______________________________________

Mr. Mullady

U.S. History

*There are NO OMITS on the Quiz*

1. What country did the Industrial Revolution originate?

2. Who invented the Spinning Jenny?

3. In the 18^th Century, clothing was mostly made from what material?

4. Where did Samuel Slater build his first mill? (Include the state and present day city in your answer)

5. Which of the following is true regarding the Erie Canal?

A. The canal allowed goods from Connecticut to be sold in New York City.

B. The canal was an economic failure and bankrupted New York State.

C. The canal connected New York City to the Great Lakes, improving the New York economy.

D. The canal ran across Virginia and into Ohio.

6. Give two reasons that explain why shipping products on a clipper ship was expensive?

7. How did improve transportation lead to lower costs of products such as flour and grain?

8. Why are turnpikes considered to be part of the Transportation Revolution? What was unique about the turnpike system?

9. Explain the differences in payment methods of the Slater System and the Lowell System. Which form of payment gave the employees less freedom?

10. What were two reasons for a New England woman to travel to Lowell and try and get a job working at one of the mills?

11. Why were early factories in Europe and the United States built by rivers?

12. What is vertical integration and why was it so important to the Industrial Revolution?

13. When the Ohio Canal was extended, what two ports were now accessible to Ohio farmers?

14. Why were children hired to work at the Slater Mills?

15. Explain why the Cumberland Road was so important. Why did the Federal government pay for the creation of the project?

16. What day of the week is there breakfast in class?

The Erie Canal

First proposed in 1808 and completed in 1825, the Erie canal links the waters of Lake Erie in the western part of New York State to the Hudson River in the east. An engineering marvel when it was built, some called it the Eighth Wonder of the World.

In order to open the country west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlers and to offer a cheap and safe way to carry produce to a market, the construction of a canal was proposed as early as 1768. However, those early proposals would connect the Hudson River with Lake Ontario near Oswego. It was not until 1808 that the state legislature funded a survey for a canal that would connect to Lake Erie. Many merchants in New York City were concerned about the increase competition from rival port cities such as Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston. A canal in upstate New York would make it possible for New York City to have access to raw materials and cash crops from the Midwest that could be sold and exported to Europe. Finally, on July 4, 1817, Governor Dewitt Clinton broke ground for the construction of the canal. In those early days, it was often sarcastically referred to as "Clinton's Big Ditch". When finally completed on October 26, 1825, it was the engineering marvel of its day. It included 18 aqueducts to carry the canal over ravines and rivers, and 83 locks, with a rise of 568 feet from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. It was 4 feet deep and 40 feet wide, and floated boats carrying 30 tons of freight. A ten foot wide towpath was built along the bank of the canal for horses, mules, and oxen led by a boy boat driver or "hoggee".

From the opening days of the canal in 1825, thousands of people from America and Europe took advantage of the new inland waterway and its faster, smoother mode of travel. Thousands more were employed on the canal operating cargo boats that transported goods such as salt, flour, or textiles between Buffalo and New York City. By 1845, over 2 million tons were being shipped along the canal route. Many of the sights and sounds of the Erie Canal were recorded by those who worked and traveled on it during its heyday. Travelers wrote about their experiences and impressions in private journals or in travelogues that were then published. Artists created images of the canal in prints and paintings, and popular magazines like Harper's Weekly and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper ran stories and printed canal images throughout the nineteenth century.

The success of the Erie Canal would inspire other canal projects across the United States. In 1827, Ohio completes a canal that connected the Ohio River to Lake Erie, making it possible for Ohio farmers to reach the market places of New York City and New Orleans. The Ohio Canal brought economic expansion and a large population increase for the state.

For businessmen, merchants, and farmers the canals became a vital necessity for economic growth by reducing the costs of shipping products to market. Lowering the costs means an increase in profits producing growth.

Tonight for Homework:

Read and Markup the Lowell Experiment Reading.

The Transportation Revolution

In 1794, The Lancaster Turnpike Corporation was formed hoping to build a private road that would connect Lancaster Pennsylvania to Philadelphia. Farmers in Lancaster were frustrated by the current road system which was filled with ruts and tree stumps that slowed down the traveling. Merchants in Philadelphia complained of the high prices of corn and grain that were partially caused by the travel conditions of the time. When the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike opened in 1795, it was 66 miles long and provided an economic stimulus to the farmers and merchants of Pennsylvania. The private road charged travelers a toll, allowing the company to use the funds to maintain the road and make a profit. The success of the Turnpike would inspire the Federal Government to create a new road system.

In 1809, President Thomas Jefferson authorized the creation of the Cumberland Road which would run from Baltimore Maryland to Wheeling Virginia, (present day West Virginia). Jefferson believed that a federally funded road would lead to an improvement in trade and help encourage economic growth in the United States. Thomas Jefferson knew that the current road system of the country was unreliable, with many of the nation's roads prone to flooding during the spring.

Road construction in America was based on the Macadamization process that originated in Great Britain. Scottish engineer John Lauden Macadam developed a more efficient method of road construction while working for the British Government. Macadam's system required that native soil on top of a layer of crushed rock would create an adequate road. Macadam's roads drained better then other roads and were more level, allowing faster and better travel. His system was widely used in Europe and later adapted in the United States, cutting down travel time and increasing trade.

My friend Darryl

This past July NPR did a series on U.S. soldiers and what motivated their call to service. OnJuly 6th, the soldier that was featured was a Navy Corpsman named Darryl St. George. I have known Darryl since high school and he is one of my closest friends from home. I am posting the two stories that NPR ran about him.

First Segment: July 6, 2011

Second Segment: October 8, 2011

First Quarter Project

Here are the requirements for the project if you need them.

Assignment for 1^st Quarter

Option A.

You are to create a song, rap, or poem about one of the topics that we have studied so far. These include, but are not limited to: Hamilton’s Plan, Whiskey Rebellion, French Revolution, Neutrality Proclamation, Political Parties, Fugitive Slave Act, Battle of Fallen Timbers, or Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin.

Your work should be creative and should give the impression that you are the master of your topic. In other words, the more thought and effort that you put into this assignment, the better the grade. Try to be informative and creative at the same time. Performance in front of the class is completely optional.

Your assignment should be typed. You can use the example that I did as a model.

Option B. Founding Father Facebook.

We have spent some time talking about some very influential individuals: Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Little Turtle, Eli Whitney, George Washington, and Richard Allen to name a few.

You have the option to “create” a Facebook page for one of the historical figures that has been covered in class. Use the following guidelines for the Facebook page:

1. Needs to be designed on poster paper. (Do not make one online)

2. Who would be their friends from that time period (in other words, you will not be listed as their friend)

3. Do they have any special interests?

4. Use some of their quotes

5. Paintings or Portraits

6. Birthday and where they are from

This assignment will require you to do some research about the individual that you have chosen regarding their personal background.

Some Practice Questions

Good luck on the test tomorrow.

Make sure that you have either a book to read when you are done or some school work to do when you are finished.

Here are some practice questions to try:

1. Following his resignation

A. Thomas Jefferson began attacking Washington and Hamilton’s policies through essays and publications.

B. Jefferson became a full time farmer at his plantation.

C. Thomas Jefferson ran for President against Washington in 1796.

D. Jefferson formed the Federalist Party.

2. Which of the following events occurred during George Washington’s second term?

A. The Treaty of Paris B. The start of the French Revolution

C. The creation of the Cabinet D. The Whiskey Rebellion

3. Who would agree with a tariff placed on shoes imported from Great Britain?

A. James Madison B. A farmer from Maryland

C. a manufacturer from Massachusetts D. Thomas Jefferson

4. Which of the following states had the most members of the Democratic-Republican Party?

A. New Hampshire B. Massachusetts

C. New York D. Georgia

5. Which of the following would be a reason that an American would be against the French Revolution?

1. Many Americans felt that the king of France was a tyrant and needed to be executed
2. Washington gave a speech saying the Revolution was wrong
3. Most Americans felt that the war was too violent and bloody
4. The British told the Americans that the war was out of control
5. What member of Washington’s Cabinet wanted the U.S. to remain neutral? Why?

3. Give two reasons why Thomas Jefferson would resign as Secretary of State?

Washington's OTHER Foreign Policy Problem

Following the British defeat in the American Revolution, Great Britain had agreed to remove all military bases and troops west of the Appalachian Mountains. However, in the 1790s the troops remained and were supplying several Native American tribes with weapons for their struggle against American settlers. During the war between France and Britain, British warships began attacking American merchant ships heading towards Europe and even seized American sailors, claiming that they were runaways from the British Navy. The British government banned all American ships from trading with their Caribbean colonies angering Northern merchants. The destruction of American property and the kidnapping of U.S. citizens caused outrage in the U.S. and there was talks of going to war with Britain over the matter.

To try and put an end to the crisis, George Washington sent John Jay to Great Britain to negotiate a treaty. Jay was an established lawyer from New York who was appointed the nation's first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Jay worked closely with Hamilton, and had strong Federalists views of the government. Washington wanted Jay to solve the following issues:

1. Britain should compensate (pay for damages) American slave owners for slaves that were taken to Britain or Canada during the American Revolution

2. The British were to stop seizing American ships and sailers

3. The British were to withdraw all soldiers from lands west of the Appalachian Mountains

4. The British West Indies should be reopened for trade

5. American merchants should be compensated for the captured or damages ships

When Jay arrived in London he quickly realized that it would be almost impossible to get Britain to agree on all the issues. The British government knew that the Americans relied on them for trade and that the strength of the British navy would dissuade the U.S. from going to war with them. The British did not want to fight a war with the Americans, and were ready to agree on resolving some of the issues. After meeting with Jay the British decided upon the following:

1. American bankers and citizens would finish paying back British banks debts

2. The British would compensate American ship owners for their losses

3. The British forts would be evacuated and the soldiers returned to England by the end of the decade.

4. American merchants would be allowed to trade in the Caribbean again